Against kripkes solution to the problem of negative existentials. Names the modern discussion of reference begins with a revolt, led by saul kripke, against theories of the meaning and reference of proper names inspired by gottlob frege and bertrand russell. Apr 05, 2005 4 kripkes alternative picture of reference 8897 we began this discussion by noting several arguments in favor of the classical theory of names. Real reference can shift to another real reference, fictional reference can shift. Frege himself, that spokesman for ft, will guide us in this work. Click download or read online button to get saul kripke book now. Against kripkes solution to the problem of negative. Fiction fictional reference reference rigid designators. Although it is no replacement for kripkes published article on this distinction 1977, it does offer a fresh narrativeapproach to the distinction and some nice material that. Kripkes thesis, that reference is secured by the existence of a causal chain stretching back from my use of an expression to the christening of its bearer, has some difficulties when it comes to cases of misidentification. Ever since the publication of its original version, naming and necessity has had great and increasing. There are contexts, however, in which it is literally true to say that hamlet exists.
While the entity referred to exists, its existence is a function of the activities and practices of concrete individuals and has no reality independent of these activities and practices. Prior to kripkes work it was the nearunanimous opinion that the analytic is included in the apriori, which in turn is included in the necessary quine 1960. Kripkes sense even if transferred from everyday communication to literary texts op. Let jack be a name of the sentence jack is short, and we have a sentence that. While aristotle, hume, and kants related reasons for the thesis have persuaded some, the dominant force behind this agreement is the thought, developed most forcefully in russell 1905b, that denying that existence is a firstorder. One of these which seemed particularly powerful was that it gives a story about how the reference of names is determined. Kripke on semantics university of california, davis. Saul kripke reference and existence the john free ebook download as pdf file. In his forthcoming paper, donnellan seems to think that these phenomena are incompatible with the suggestion that speakers reference is a pragmatic notion. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. Their combined citations are counted only for the first article.
Kripke clarifies philosophical puzzles about existence, reference, and necessity and advances solutions to thembetter than any other living philosopher, in my opinion. Request pdf on jul 1, 2014, jonathan mckeowngreen and others published reference and existence. On the contrary, at the end of the present paper and of the talk donnellan heard, i emphasize these very phenomena and argue that they support this suggestion. According to the fregerussell paradigm, the name nixon refers to its bearer in virtue of an associated description, one that picks out nixon by uniquely characterizing him. The view that existence is not a property of individuals became the common view in the early 20th century. In lectures later published as naming and necessity, kripke provided a rough outline of his causal theory of reference for names. Itll be clunky and ill run into thoughts haphazardly as they come to me. Naming and necessity is a 1980 book with the transcript of three lectures, given by the philosopher saul kripke, at princeton university in 1970, in which he dealt with the debates of proper names in the philosophy of language.
Kripkes reference and existence and the ontology of fiction. Lecture ii hope the title of these lectures gives some indication of their content. In 1963 two papers appeared, one by saul kripke and one by karel lambert, that suggested weakening the axiom of universal instantiation to 8y8xf. Saul kripke university of san diego home pages home. An earlier monograph, naming and necessity, argued that this approach was wrong from the fundamentals, replacing it with a picture that emphasizes the causalhistorical link between a name and its bearer. Outline of a theory of truth saul kripke the journal of. While the entity referred to exists, its existence is a function of the activities and practices of concrete individuals and has no reality. Speakers reference and semantic reference saul kripke 1 am going to discuss some issues inspired by a wellknown paper of keith donnellan, reference and definite descriptions, but the interestto meof the contrast mentioned in my title goes beyond donnellans paper.
The present paper attempts to extend the results of l, in the domain of the. Consider, for example, the negative existential statement. Lecture v is taken up with an extended discussion of kripkes speakers referencesemantic reference distinction. Lecture i lecture ii lecture iii lecture iv lecture v lecture vi references. Kripke clarifies philosophical puzzles about existence, reference, and necessityand advances solutions to thembetter than any other living philosopher, in my opinion. After explaining how i understand the relevant concepts in the first section, ill critically take up petrs arguments in the second. The transcript was brought out originally in 1972 in semantics of natural language, edited by donald davidson and gilbert harman. Thus, all of kripkes arguments against descriptive theories of reference are also arguments against descriptive theories of meaning, but some arguments against the latter do not apply to the former. If there is such a thing as essential reading in metaphysics or in philosophy of language, this is it. If you have any aspiration to become an academic philosopher at some major university, you must not overlook professor kripkes works.
On the contrary, at the end of the present paper and of the talk donnellan heard, i emphasize these. A seemingly powerful objection to this view invokes fictional reference. Although he refused to explicitly endorse such a theory, he indicated that such an approach was far more promising than the thenpopular descriptive theory of names introduced by russell, according to which names are in fact. Kripkes metalinguistic apparatus and the analysis of definite descriptions. Request pdf on may 1, 2015, bjorn lundgren and others published saul a. The view about reference is taken to follow from the view about meaning, but not vice versa.
It confronts important issues left open in that work among them, the semantics of proper names and natural kind terms as they occur in fiction and in myth. Putnams view on reference change is different from that. Pdf on dec 1, 20, cesar schirmer dos santos and others published reference and. Apr 11, 2016 lecture v is taken up with an extended discussion of kripkes speakers referencesemantic reference distinction. Kripke claims that i and ii are selfevident theses of philosophical logic independent of natural language. Saul kripke reference and existence the john existence. The problem of negative existential statements, as i understand it, is the problem of explaining how negative existential statements could possibly be true see plantinga 1978, braun 1993 and brock 2004 for a detailed discussion of this and related problems.
In such cases, we adopt a pretense of referring to a real individual. Reference and existence, saul kripkes john locke lectures for 1973, can be read as a sequel to his classic naming and necessity. If you have any aspiration to become an academic philosopher at some major university, you must not overlook professor kripke s works. On the one hand, according to authors 1 kripke 1980, 59. The transcript was brought out originally in 1972 in semantics of natural language, edited by donald davidson and. I mean that properties in this sense are not used at all. Reference is a relation that obtains between certain sorts of representational tokens and objects. This reader, therefore, couldnt help feeling disappointed at the conclusion to this otherwise tremendous work. But once it too is rejected, it is difficult to make any sense of what the positive proposal is. Saul kripkes locke lectures were delivered in oxford in 1973. Reference and existence the john locke lectures for 1973. That identity statements between what we call names in actual language are necessary.
Speakers reference and semantic reference1 kripke 1977. Identity, existence, cardinality and direct reference. Kripke reference and existence contents lecture i 3. The present paper attempts to extend the results of l, in the domain of the propositional calculus, to a class of modal systems called normal. For instance, when i assert that barack obama is a democrat, i use a particular sort of representational tokeni. One is the problem of empty names, typical examples of which are. A simpler, and more direct, form of selfreference uses demon stratives or proper names. Many of the issues can be organized around the following two questions. Jun 05, 2017 there will never be a charm to what i do. Pdf reference and existence download full pdf book download.
Reference and existence, saul kripke s john locke lectures for 1973, can be read as a sequel to his classic naming and necessity. The language of reason and ought, in daniel star ed. Kripke reference and existence free download as pdf file. Apr 11, 2016 reference and existence, by saul kripke. He relies very heavily on intuitive considerations. Pdf reference and existence download full pdf book.
Speakers reference and semantic reference saul kripke 1 am going to discuss some issues inspired by a wellknown paper of keith donnellan, reference and definite descriptions, but the interestto meof the contrast. In 20 oxford university press published the lectures as a book, also titled reference and existence. Kripkes reference and existence and the ontology of. Kripke this was never completely forgotten, but its importance was arguably grossly underestimated. The considerations i have in mind have to do with the existence of improper.
Its not a single description, but rather a cluster, a family of properties which fixes the reference. Although it is no replacement for kripkes published article on this distinction 1977, it does offer a fresh narrativeapproach to the distinction and some nice material that doesnt appear in that article. Mattey fall, 2005 philosophy 156 a note on method kripkes early work on semantics was in the formal semantics of modal logic. Jan 01, 20 reference and existence, saul kripke s john locke lectures for 1973, can be read as a sequel to his classic naming and necessity. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Kripke himself, alluding to the example presented by gareth evans, comes to recognize, in the mentioned section of his 1980s addenda, the existence of reference changes and he proposes an explanation of them. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. An individual user may print out a pdf of a single chapter of a monograph in oso for personal use. This volume is a publication of the lectures in book form for the fi rst time.
Kripke reference and existence free download pdf kupdf. Pdf on jun, 20, p e batra and others published reference find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. In naming and necessity, he treats semantics of natural language. Kripke himself explicitly disavows this sort of reconstruction of his proposal 156157. Jan 01, 2018 reference and existence, saul kripke s john locke lectures for 1973, can be read as a sequel to his classic naming and necessity. What does it mean to ask if existence is a property. It was the majority opinion that these inclusions reverse, making the three. Imprint volume december 20 no university of michigan. Kripkes argument for property dualism may be presented simply as follows.
960 1554 770 1549 1411 1181 1533 141 144 1199 918 1326 640 161 1018 555 90 1453 22 1382 35 1641 1003 422 1346 855 654 1397 708 411 1004 614